Abstract
Background: Surgeons have been leaders in de-escalation strategies for cancer treatment. Breast cancer surgery has evolved from radical and mutilating procedures to organ-preserving techniques that have proven survival benefit with less morbidity for most patients with early stage breast cancer. Because of breakthroughs in imaging, drugs and multi-gene assay development, there is a debate whether the time is ripe for omitting either primary tumour or axillary surgery for selected early stage breast cancer patients.
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