Underlying mechanisms of pseudogap phenomena and Bose-liquid superconductivity in high-Tc cuprates

Abstract

We show that the high-Tc cuprates are non-BCS superconductors exhibiting distinct pseudogap (PG) behaviors (related to real and momentum space excitations) and other anomalies above Tc, novel Bose-liquid superconductivity below Tc, and also a λ-like superconducting (SC) transition at Tc similar to the λ transition in liquid 4He. In these materials, the relevant charge carriers are polarons which are bound into bosonic Cooper pairs above Tc followed by condensing into a Bose superfluid at Tc. We found that the polaronic effects and related PG weaken with increasing of the doping level and disappear in the overdoped region, where the crossover from Bose-liquid to Fermi-liquid (BCS-type) superconductivity occurs at the quantum critical point. We identify the real phase diagrams of the cuprates, the PG and vortex-like states above Tc, the novel SC state and two distinct SC phases below Tc like two superfluid phases of 3He, and explain the rich cuprate phenomenology from lightly doped to overdoped region.