Abstract
Replanting disease caused by negative plant-soil feedback in continuous monoculture of Radix pseudostellariae is a critical factor restricting the development of this common and popular Chinese medicine, although wild R. pseudostellariae plants were shown to grow well without occurrence of disease in the same site for multiple years. Therefore, we aimed to identify the changes in microbial community composition in the rhizosphere soil of wild R. pseudostellariae thus providing a potential method for controlling soil-borne diseases. We analyzed differences in soil physicochemical properties, changes in soil microbial community structure, and root exudates of wild R. pseudostellariae under different biotopes. And then, simple sequence repeats amplification was used to isolate and collect significantly different formae speciales of Fusarium oxysporum. Finally, we analyzed the pathogenicity testing and influence of root exudates on the growth of F. oxysporum. We found that the different biotopes of R. pseudostellariae had significant effects on the soil microbial diversity. The soil fungal and bacterial abundances were significantly higher and the abundance of F. oxysporum was significantly lower under the rhizosphere environment of wild R. pseudostellariae than under consecutive monoculture. The relative abundances of most genera were Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Nitrobacter, Nitrospira, Streptomyces, Actinoplanes, and Pseudomonas. Venn diagram and LEfSe analyses indicated numerously specific microbiome across all the samples, and the numbers of specific fungi were higher than the shared ones in the four biotopes. Eight types of phenolic acids were identified across all the rhizosphere soils. Mixed phenolic acids and most of the examined single phenolic acids had negative effects on the growth of isolated pathogenic F. oxysporum strains and promoted the growth of non-pathogenic strains. Similarly, correlation analysis suggested that most of the identified phenolic acids were positively associated with beneficial Pseudomonas, Nitrobacter, Nitrospira, Streptomyces, and Bacillus. This study suggested that wild R. pseudostellariae was able to resist or tolerate disease by increasing soil microbial diversity, and reducing the accumulation of soil-borne pathogens.
Highlights
In recent years, the increase in world population and global climate change have increased the intensity of food production in agricultural systems
We found that consecutive monoculture of R. pseudostellariae greatly altered the structure of the rhizosphere microbial community with increasing population size of pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum, Talaromyces helicus and Kosakonia sacchari, but with a decrease in the abundance of potentially beneficial Penicillium, Pseudomonas spp., Burkholderia spp., and Bacillus pumilus diversity in the rhizosphere soil (Wu H. et al, 2016; Chen et al, 2017)
We investigated the changes in microbial community composition and key root exudates of wild R. pseudostellariae plants under different biotopes; we isolated F. oxysporum
Summary
The increase in world population and global climate change have increased the intensity of food production in agricultural systems. Intensive agriculture has great contributions on the increase of food availability in the past decades (Muller et al, 2017) This widespread intensification and consecutive monoculture of farming practices, combined with conversion of natural ecosystems to agriculture, are causing a major decline in soil quality and biodiversity globally (Muller et al, 2017). As a result, this agricultural expansion faces more stringent problems of replanting disease or soil sickness. In China, the annual economic losses of replanting disease could reach more than billions of US dollars per year
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