Underestimation of energy intake in overweight siberian adolescents

Abstract

Abstract Background According to some epidemiological studies, in the Russian Federation the prevalence of overweight in children in different regions of Russia is from 5.5 to 11.8%. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutrition of Siberian adolescents with different weight status. Methods A cross-sectional population survey (2019) was conducted on a random representative sample of schoolchildren aged 14-18 years of both sexes, 612 people were examined: 249 boys (40.9%), 360 girls (59.1%). To assess levels of overweight and obesity IOTF cut offs were used. The basal metabolic rate (BMR) was calculated using formulas proposed by FAO/WHO/ONU. For evaluation of misreporting of energy intake the equations, proposed by Goldberg G.R. et al were applied to derive cut-offs. Reported Energy Intake should be calculated as average value based on EI estimated for each of non-consecutive days applying 24-h dietary recall. Under-reporters energy intake estimate if EI/BMR < 0,97 for boys and <0,95 for girls. Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents in Novosibirsk was 22.1% in boys and 14.4% in girls. Quotas of fat energy in general, saturated fatty acids, easily digestible sugars exceed recommended levels in all weight status groups. The fiber content was below the recommended level by more than 2 times. Above 80% of overweight adolescents underestimate energy intake. Percent of under-reporting of energy intake in boys was 45,8% in underweight group; 48,6% in normal weight group; 80,6% in overweight group. In girls - 26,8%, 54,1% and 85,1%, respectively. Conclusions Overweight adolescents exceeded the energy of fat, saturated fatty acids, added sugar, protein in the total energy intake. A low intake of total carbohydrates, vegetable protein, and dietary fiber was noted. Supported by grant No. 19-013-00800 of RFBR. Key messages Above 80% of overweight adolescents underestimate energy intake. The results presented that nutritional corrections requires both adolescents with overweight and obesity, as well as with normal weight.