Abstract
Human adenoviruses cause different organ infections of varying severity, from asymptomatic to severe cases with lethal outcome, that are registered everywhere. Detailed and focused study of factors predisposing to a severe course of infection is required. The literature contains information indicating the association of severe adenoviral respiratory diseases with certain types of adenovirus, primarily type 7. This review highlights the possible causes of increased pathogenicity of some types of adenovirus and their association with severe forms of infection. Pathogenicity factors include the ability of adenovirus to bind the specific cellular receptors, the formation of subviral particles, the interaction with blood proteins, in particular the coagulation factor X, as well as the features of the early genes E1A, E1B, E3, E4. In addition, the severity of the disease may be affected by the presence or absence of pre-existing antibodies specific to certain types of adenoviruses. Chronic diseases or immunosuppression also increase the risk of severe adenovirus infection. The information presented in this review may elucidate the pathogenesis of adenovirus infection, and help to develop new features for prevention and treatment.
Highlights
Аденовирусы человека вызывают регистрируемые повсеместно заболевания различных систем и органов, по тяжести варьирующие от практически бессимптомных до тяжёлых случаев с летальным исходом
The literature contains information indicating the association of severe adenoviral respiratory diseases with certain types of adenovirus, primarily type 7
This review highlights the possible causes of increased pathogenicity of some types of adenovirus and their association with severe forms of infection
Summary
ФБУН «Центральный НИИ эпидемиологии» Роспотребнадзора, 111123, г. Данный обзор освещает возможные причины повышенной патогенности некоторых типов аденовируса и их ассоциации с тяжёлыми формами инфекции. This review highlights the possible causes of increased pathogenicity of some types of adenovirus and their association with severe forms of infection. Chronic diseases or immunosuppression increase the risk of severe adenovirus infection. Особую опасность HAdv-инфекция представляет для иммунокомпрометированных пациентов, у которых она протекает в тяжёлых формах, включая генерализованную [10]. Возможными причинами тяжёлого течения и неблагоприятного исхода инфекций, вызванных некоторыми типами HAdv, могут служить особенности этих аденовирусов, обусловливающие их более высокую вирулентность по сравнению с другими типами, а также отсутствие у больного анамнестических антител к ним вследствие низкой распространённости этих типов HAdv в популяции. Цель данного обзора – осветить факторы, лежащие в основе патогенеза влияющие на тяжесть течения HAdv-инфекции, а также установить возможные причины ассоциации тяжёлых случаев с определёнными типами аденовируса
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