Abstract
This chapter proposes to study the little-known archaeological record of the Altamira-Itaituba Speleological Province in the Tapajos-Xingu interfluve, western Para state, in the Brazilian Amazonia, through archaeological survey, surface sampling and controlled excavations. The archaeological record in much of the Amazon presents conspicuous chronological discontinuities, especially with regard to the Middle Holocene. A better understanding of the Middle Holocene is key to providing the reader with new perspectives on the so-called “Formative Period” in the Amazon, which is by and large seen as a South American equivalent of the “Neolithic Revolution” in the Fertile Crescent. Through archaeological survey, surface sampling and controlled excavations, the project “Under the Shelter: Archaeology in the Caves of Ruropolis, Amazonia, Brazil” will study human occupations and their interactions with the environment during the Middle Holocene by focusing on the caves and shelters of the Altamira-Itaituba Speleological Province.
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