Under-nutrition and associated factors among pregnant women in public health care hospitals of Gedeo Zone, southern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

BackgroundBalanced and adequate nutritious food during pregnancy helps to improve maternal weight and for the healthy growth of the fetus. There has been little progress in reducing pregnant undernutrition in Ethiopia; it has been too slow. ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of undernutrition and associated factors among pregnant women in public health care hospitals of Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia. MethodA cross-sectional study design was used in public hospitals of Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia from February 01 to March 01, 2019. Pretested structure questionnaire was used to collect data on the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the study participants. Epi-data was used to code and enter the data and SPSS-25 was used to analyse and interpret the data. To assess the relationship between the dependent and the independent variables, bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was done. ResultsIn this study, the prevalence of undernutrition among pregnant women was 21% (95% CI: 20.8–21.2). After controlling other co-variables, the multivariable logistic regression model revealed that average monthly income, women's educational status, nutrition education and counseling, and parity were found to have a significant association with pregnant women's nutritional status. The odds of under-nutrition among pregnant women whose monthly income is <800 ETB were 2.8 times higher than those whose monthly incomes were >1500 (AOR: 2.89; 95%CI: 1.49–5.6). ConclusionIn this study the magnitude of undernutrition among pregnant women was found to be higher than the previously reported findings. Average household monthly income, family size, mother's educational status, nutrition education and counseling, current health condition of the mother, and parity were factors significantly associated with undernutrition of pregnant mothers. Therefore, Interventions should be initiated in earlier stages of pregnancy to prevent the high level of undernutrition during the second and third trimester in this study area.