Abstract
ObjectiveThe present cross-sectional study was aimed at determining the magnitude of under diagnosis of intestinal schistosomiasis among patients requested for routine ova/parasite examination at Ayder referral hospital.ResultsA total of 280 stool samples were collected and only 5% of the patients were positive for ova of Schistosoma mansoni in the routine direct wet mount microscopy. On the other hand, 12.5% of the patients were positive for ova Schistosoma mansoni when the stool samples were processed by either Kato Kat or formol ether concentration techniques. Moderate test agreement (κ = 0.48) was recorded for wet mount. Formol-ether concentration (κ = 0.89) and Kato-Katz (κ = 0.92) showed excellent agreements with the ‘Gold’ standard. Direct wet mount technique exhibited the poorest sensitivity (35%) of detection of ova of Schistosoma mansoni. Hence, the Kato-Katz technique should be implemented in parallel with the direct wet mount microscopy for Schistosoma mansoni presumptive patients.
Highlights
Human bilharziasis is caused by the trematode species of Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma hematobium, Schistosoma japonicum, Schistosoma intercalatum and Schistosoma mekongi [1]
The peak prevalence of S. mansoni infection was recorded for the 10–14 years of age (17.6%) followed by those 15 and above years of age (14.5%)
Mean intensity of infection was higher in the age group 10–14 years (224 eggs per gram (EPG))
Summary
Human bilharziasis is caused by the trematode species of Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma hematobium, Schistosoma japonicum, Schistosoma intercalatum and Schistosoma mekongi [1]. The disease is highly prevalent throughout Africa, South America and several Caribbean islands [2]. It is one of the most widespread of all human parasitic diseases, ranking second only to malaria in terms of its socioeconomic and public health importance in tropical and subtropical areas [3]. There are several diagnostic techniques such as Kato-Katz, wet-mount, and formol-ether concentration technique (FECT). The direct wet mount is the only method employed for diagnostic purpose of intestinal parasites in general and schistosomiasis in particular in health institutions of Ethiopia while FECT and Kato-Katz are reserved for research purpose [9,10,11,12]. The formol-ether concentration technique on the other hand is time-consuming, and requires several materials
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