Abstract
Echinochloa is a major weed that grows almost everywhere in farmed land. This high prevalence results from its high adaptability to various water conditions, including upland and paddy fields, and its ability to grow in a wide range of climates, ranging from tropical to temperate regions. Three Echinochloa crus-galli accessions (EC-SNU1, EC-SNU2, and EC-SNU3) collected in Korea have shown diversity in their responses to flooding, with EC-SNU1 exhibiting the greatest growth among three accessions. In the search for molecular components underlying adaptive diversity among the three Echinochloa crus-galli accessions, we performed de novo assembly of leaf transcriptomes and investigated the pattern of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Although the overall composition of the three leaf transcriptomes was well-conserved, the gene expression patterns of particular gene ontology (GO) categories were notably different among the three accessions. Under non-submergence growing conditions, five protein categories (serine/threonine kinase, leucine-rich repeat kinase, signaling-related, glycoprotein, and glycosidase) were significantly (FDR, q < 0.05) enriched in up-regulated DEGs from EC-SNU1. These up-regulated DEGs include major components of signal transduction pathways, such as receptor-like kinase (RLK) and calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) genes, as well as previously known abiotic stress-responsive genes. Our results therefore suggest that diversified gene expression regulation of upstream signaling components conferred the molecular basis of adaptive diversity in Echinochloa crus-galli.
Highlights
The genus Echinochloa consists of approximately 50 species across tropical and warm temperate zones [1]
To validate the eco-physiological implications of the fact that EC-SNU1 and EC-SNU2 were collected from paddy rice field, whereas EC-SNU3 was collected from dry land, we investigated the physiological responses for the three accessions under controlled submergence conditions, and evaluated their growth by measuring their leaf growth and biomass yield
EC-SNU1 and EC-SNU2 showed no significant difference in flooding response based on flooding treatment experiment, they are still useful system together with EC-SNU3 in the comparative aspect, because they exhibited the variation at gene expression level in relation to abiotic stresses
Summary
The genus Echinochloa consists of approximately 50 species across tropical and warm temperate zones [1]. Echinochloa can grow in a broad range of habitats, and these plants are common weeds that have caused serious crop losses in rice and maize fields, leading to 32% to 99%. Molecular Basis of Adaptive Diversity in Echinochloa collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
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