Abstract

Nutraceuticals are a category of products more often associated with food but having pharmaceuticals property and characteristics. However, there is still no internationally accepted concept of these food-pharmaceutical properties, and their interpretation can differ from country to country. Nutraceuticals are used as part of dietary supplements in most countries. They can be phytochemicals which are biologically active and have health benefits. These can be supplied as a supplement and/or as a functional food to the customer. For human health and longevity, these materials are likely to play a vital role. Consumption of these items is typical without a therapeutic prescription and/or supervision by the vast majority of the public. The development of nutraceuticals can be achieved through many bioresources and organisms. This review article will discuss the current research on nutraceuticals from different biological sources and their potential use as an agent for improving human health and well-being, as well as the gaps and future perspective of research related to nutraceutical development.

Highlights

  • Tion to define and regulate; for instance, in the United States, the Food and Drug Adminregulates nutraceuticals as a dietary supplement, while in Malaysia there is no definition istration (FDA) regulates nutraceuticals as a dietary supplement, while in Malaysia there for nutraceuticals, and the National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency (NPRA) approves is no definition for nutraceuticals, and the National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency health supplements depending on the claim made by the manufacturer [13]

  • L. casei and L. plantarum were utilized as a functional food and ingredient exhibited the most potent anticancer effect on human colon adenocarcinoma by regulating apoptotic proteins [46].Prebiotics are those molecules/fibres which help probiotics grow in the human gut

  • Poor societies should have the chance to obtain probiotics and bacterial fermented food, to reduce the risk of infections, malnutrition, and diabetes. Some probiotics such as L. casei can interact with receptors on the epithelial cells, stimulating the production of cytokines which play an important role in immune cell activation

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Summary

Introduction to Nutraceuticals

It has been proposed that plants, animals, and even mushrooms can be a good source nutraceuticals/pharmaceutical factories which have proven to be more economically effifor nutraceuticals/pharmaceutical factories which have proven to be more economically cient [10] They are regarded as sources for the avoidance of potentially fatal illnesses such efficient [10]. Tion to define and regulate; for instance, in the United States, the Food and Drug Adminregulates nutraceuticals as a dietary supplement, while in Malaysia there is no definition istration (FDA) regulates nutraceuticals as a dietary supplement, while in Malaysia there for nutraceuticals, and the National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency (NPRA) approves is no definition for nutraceuticals, and the National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency health supplements depending on the claim made by the manufacturer [13]. Due to the wide connection between contemporary nourishment and the emergence of a pandemic disease, superfood may be the answer to boost immunity and prevent or treat epidemic as well as pandemic diseases

Nutraceuticals from Bacterial Origin
Nutraceuticals from Fungal Origin
Nutraceuticals from the Algal and Cyanobacterial Origin
Nutraceuticals from Plant Origin
Improving the Yields of Nutraceuticals Using Fungal Elicitors
Issues in Nutraceutical Efficacy
Findings
Conclusions and Future

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