Abstract
Antioxidants play an important role in animal and plant life owing to their involvement in complex metabolic and signaling mechanisms, hence uncovering the genetic basis associated with antioxidant activity is very important for the development of improved varieties. Here, a total of 182 common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) landraces and six commercial cultivars collected from 19 provinces of Turkey were evaluated for seed antioxidant activity under four environments and two locations. Antioxidant activity was measured using ABTS radical scavenging capacity and mean antioxidant activity in common bean landraces was 20.03 µmol TE/g. Analysis of variance reflected that genotype by environment interaction was statistically non-significant and heritability analysis showed higher heritability of antioxidant activity. Variations in seed color were observed, and a higher antioxidant activity was present in seeds having colored seed as compared to those having white seeds. A negative correlation was found between white-colored seeds and antioxidant activity. A total of 7900 DArTseq markers were used to explore the population structure that grouped the studied germplasm into two sub-populations on the basis of their geographical origins and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity contents. Mean linkage disequilibrium (LD) was 54%, and mean LD decay was 1.15 Mb. Mixed linear model i.e., the Q + K model demonstrated that four DArTseq markers had significant association (p < 0.01) for antioxidant activity. Three of these markers were present on chromosome Pv07, while the fourth marker was located on chromosome Pv03. Among the identified markers, DArT-3369938 marker showed maximum (14.61%) variation. A total of four putative candidate genes were predicted from sequences reflecting homology to identified DArTseq markers. This is a pioneering study involving the identification of association for antioxidant activity in common bean seeds. We envisage that this study will be very helpful for global common bean breeding community in order to develop cultivars with higher antioxidant activity.
Highlights
The world is facing a great threat of climate change, and extreme events throughout the world are being observed
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed for four environments to understand the effects of genotype, environment, and the interaction of both (GEI) for antioxidant activity in Turkish common bean germplasm (Table 1)
We identified four DArTseq markers (DArT-3369938, DArT-8668387, DArT-8207664, and DArT-3371498) with significant association for antioxidant activity in Turkish common bean germplasm
Summary
The world is facing a great threat of climate change, and extreme events throughout the world are being observed. A report issued by the food and agriculture organization (FAO) [2] stated that the daily average per capita calories available to the world population were 2789 kcal in the year 2000, but it is estimated that 3130 kcal will be required on a daily basis during the year 2050. In this context, grain legumes are key commodities having great potential to mitigate world food shortages and provide well balanced and cheap food [3]. Global common bean production was 23 million tons in 2010 and 26 million tons in 2016 [6]
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