Uncovering hidden jewels: an investigation of the pictorial layers of an 18th-century Taskin harpsichord

Ioana Maria Cortea,Lucian Ratoiu,Roxana Rădvan,Luminița Ghervase,Monica Dinu

doi:10.1186/s40494-020-00401-3

Ioana Maria Cortea, Lucian Ratoiu + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-020-00401-3

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Abstract

The Peleș National Museum in Sinaia, Romania, includes within its collection of musical instruments a unique harpsichord of the Taskin workshop. The instrument is representative of the eighteenth century French harpsichords, finished in 1772 by Taskin Pascal, a master instrument-maker of his time. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive diagnostic investigation carried out on the exterior decoration of the harpsichord, by means of multiple non-invasive and micro-invasive analytical techniques: multispectral imaging, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and optical microscopy (OM). Imaging investigation highlighted various past interventions and restorations—fillings, consolidation and chromatic reintegration of the paint layer, as well as some interesting details related to the preparatory layer and on the painting technique. Results of the elemental analysis indicated that a rich color palette was used for the luxurious decorations: vermilion for most of the red areas, lead white, a copper-based pigment for the blue and violet hues, along with Prussian blue, chromium oxides for the green tones and possibly emerald green, and iron oxides for the red, yellow and ochre tones. FTIR analysis highlighted the existence of two-layers ground based on the first layer of chalk and animal glue, covered by a second oil-bound layer of lead white. Metal soaps, gypsum, barium sulfate as well as an intermediate sizing layer based on shellac were also identified. Examination of samples’ cross-sections revealed a rich stratigraphy, up to ten layers being highlighted for samples taken from the case sides’ painting. The presence of two gold foils on the gilded areas, one at the top and the other within the intermediate layers, provides clear evidence of later interventions. The corroborated results offer valuable physico-chemical insights on the complex history of this prestigious harpsichord with remarkable aesthetic and historical value, as well as key information for its most suitable restoration approach.

Highlights

The Peleș National Museum in Sinaia (Romania) includes within its collection of musical instruments a remarkable French harpsichord (Fig. 1) after Pascal Taskin (1723– 1793), a master instrument-maker of his time
Painting materials The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis identified various chemical elements, at different intensities, some linked to the preparation layer, other to the pigments used throughout the lifetime of the harpsichord
By analyzing the spectra collected from green areas on the small lid: 52, 55, 39, 33, 31, it can be seen that they differ through the presence, and, respectively, the absence of some major elements, as follows: area 33 has the most Si, K, Ca, Ba and Sr, which could correlate to a green earth pigment; areas 33, 52 and 55 contain Mn and Cr, and have the highest Fe and Zn content

Summary

Introduction

The Peleș National Museum in Sinaia (Romania) includes within its collection of musical instruments a remarkable French harpsichord (Fig. 1) after Pascal Taskin (1723– 1793), a master instrument-maker of his time. Painting materials The XRF analysis identified various chemical elements, at different intensities, some linked to the preparation layer, other to the pigments used throughout the lifetime of the harpsichord.

Results

Conclusion