Abstract

Researchers and operators have recently become interested in the individual stage optimization of unconventional reservoir hydraulic fracture. These professionals aim to maximize well performance during an unconventional well’s early-stage and potential Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) lifespan. Although there have been advances in hydraulic fracturing technology that allow for the creation of large stimulated reservoir volumes (SRVs), it may not be optimal to use the same treatment design for all stages of a well or many wells in an area. We present a comprehensive review of the main approaches used to discuss applicability, pros and cons, and a detailed comparison between different methodologies. Our research outlines a combination of the Diagnostic Fracture Injection Test (DFIT) and falloff pressure analysis, which can help to design intelligent production and improve well performance. Our field study presents an unconventional well to explain the objective optimization workflow. The analysis indicates that most of the fracturing fluid was leaked off through natural fracture surface area and resulted in the estimation of larger values compared to the hydraulic fracture calculated area. These phenomena might represent a secondary fracture set with a high fracture closure stress activated in neighbor stages that was not well-developed in other sections. The falloff pressure analysis provides significant and vital information, assisting operators in fully understanding models for fracture network characterization.

Highlights

  • Our case study shows three different behaviors after the main fracture treatment as follows: Case #1, 14 slope, tip extension of the main fracture: Figure 12 presents the behavior of tip extension of the main hydraulic fracture, where the results showed that the fracture surface area for the main fracture is higher than the total fracture surface area for the natural fracture

  • We employed an integral approach to identify fracture and reservoir behavior characteristics to assess the performance of hydraulic fractures stage-by-stage

  • Diagnostic tools have become attractive to the oil and gas industry since they are powerful methods for identifying fracture and reservoir characteristics

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Summary

Introduction

Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. We present gu indirect methods, such as pressure falloff data, is the most promising technology This lines to better understand unconventional well test analysis through critical literatur approach may provide a clear perspective about the created fracture’s dimensions and views andtherefore, case studies of fracturing treatment analysis address of quantit properties; the effective fracture contact surface area for to both natural the and lack induced evaluation. Duced fractures can be determined from stage to stage during fracture treatment jobs application of pressure falloff data is a valuable tool that provides comprehensive in mation, such as the mechanics of the created open, closed, and propped hydraulic tures, due to the tool’s capability of reflecting the rock and fluid’s physical behavior

Research Objectives
Principle of Fracture Diagnostic Tools
DFIT Design and Tactics
Typical
Typical pressure behavior a sequence of mainthe events observed in acontact
Observation
Results
Fundamentals of DFIT
DFIT Models
G-function characteristics forfordifferent mechanisms
Methods
Recommendations When Conducting and Interpreting DFIT
Lessons Learned from DFIT Operations
Effective Fracture Surface Area Calculations
Case Study Description
DFIT operations
Results of Case Study including DFIT and Main Fracture Treatment Analysis
Summary
Full Text
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