Abstract
The unconventional fossil fuel extraction industry has seen unprecedented growth in recent years. Unlike natural gas extraction from conventional reservoirs, unconventional natural gas development (UNGD) requires that rock in the source formation must be ‘stimulated’ in order to release the targeted methane. This may involve hydraulic fracturing, depressurising the coal seam aquifer or burning coal underground. With the alluring promise of economic salvation, job creation and clean energy, coal seam gas (CSG) has been strongly promoted by State and Federal governments. A network of wells, high pressure gas pipelines, processing plants, compressor stations, pumping stations, flow back ponds, vents and flares have already been permitted in agricultural areas and close to family homes. However, the extraction of unconventional gas may have adverse impacts on the environment and consequently on human health. Emerging evidence from Australia and overseas indicates that when fugitive emissions are taken into account, UNGD may be no cleaner than coal...
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