Unconventional ferrimagnetism and enhanced magnetic ordering temperature in monolayer CrCl3 by introducing O impurities and Cl vacancies

Abstract

Among chromium trihalides, a specific group of layered van der Waals magnetic materials, chromium trichloride (CrCl3) is the only system relatively stable under ambient conditions. This is also observed in reduced dimensionality where the emergence of extrinsic long-range ordered oxidized and Cl-vacancy-defective CrCl3 phases is experimentally reported. In this work, the magnetic properties of such two-dimensional (2D) systems are studied using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, including the electron-electron (U) repulsion interactions, and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Once the Cl vacancies are introduced, the results indicate that the monolayer CrCl3 has a magnetic moment that is enhanced linearly (up to 3.14 µ B /Cr) in the (1%–10%) vacancy concentration range. This determines a strengthening of the ferromagnetic state and a two-fold increase of the Curie temperature (up to 146 K) as valuated from MC simulations. More interestingly, once oxygen extrinsic impurities are considered, the monolayer CrCl3 structure is hybridized forming a stable ordered phase (O–CrCl3) with oxygen atoms allocated on the Cr atomic layer in the center of the honeycomb ring formed by Cr atoms. The magnetic moments of the O–CrCl3 system are localized on both Cr and O atoms, with oxygen antiferromagnetically coupled to chromium, resulting in a 2D ferrimagnetic hexagonal lattice system with an average magnetic moment of 2.14 µ B /Cr and a high magnetic ordering temperature (110 K) predicted with DFT in the mean field approach.