Uncommon Carbon Nanostructures for the Preparation of Electrochemical Immunosensors

Abstract

AbstractElectrochemical devices making use of carbon nanomaterials have demonstrated great applicability. Single‐ or multi‐walled nanotubes and graphene have been largely applied to the construction of electrochemical (bio)sensors improving two key aspects in this field: surface nanostructuration allowing the preparation of electrode platforms more conductive, selective and suitable for biomolecules immobilization, and the ability to design suitable strategies for signal amplification. Besides the above mentioned carbon nanomaterials, more recently new carbon nanoforms have appeared as suitable nanostructuration tools. Carbon nanohorns, double‐walled carbon nanotubes, fullerene (C60), carbon nanoparticles, and graphene quantum dots are examples of novel nanomaterials whose particular characteristics make them well suited for the construction of bioelectrochemical devices. In this article, the use of these carbon nanomaterials for the development of electrochemical immunosensors is reviewed.