Abstract
ABSTRACT This essay uses the case of the 1917 Silent Protest Parade, notable for its early example of organized activism by the NAACP, to argue for a turn away from an either-or understanding of civility and incivility and toward a both-and understanding of the terms, which I term in/civility. Such a shift entails thinking of the terms not as opposites but as entangled resources for rhetorical invention. I use the Parade to demonstrate how Black activists used a strategy of in/civility to contest the spatial-rhetorical norms of white supremacy, claim a citizen identity, and at once expand their rhetorical possibilities and constrain those of white supremacists. In short, in/civility asks critics to recognize the rhetorical force and value of instances where incivility and civility become blurred and calls attention to the raced discrepancies of the terms.
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