Abstract
Since its launch just over a decade ago by the cryptocurrency Bitcoin, the distributed ledger technology (DLT) blockchain has followed a breathtaking trajectory into manifold application spaces. This study aper analyses how key factors underpinning the success of this ground-breaking “Internet of value” technology, such as staking of collateral (“skin in the game”), competitive crowdsourcing, crowdfunding, and prediction markets, can be applied to substantially innovate the legacy organization of science, research, and technology development (RTD). Here, we elaborate a highly integrative, community-based strategy where a token-based crypto-economy supports finding best possible consensus, trust, and truth by adding unconventional elements known from reputation systems, betting, secondary markets, and social networking. These tokens support the holder’s formalized reputation and are used in liquid-democracy style governance and arbitration within projects or community-driven initiatives. This participatory research model serves as a solid basis for comprehensively leveraging collective intelligence by effectively incentivizing contributions from the crowd, such as intellectual property work, validation, assessment, infrastructure, education, assessment, governance, publication, and promotion of projects. On the analogy of its current blockbusters like peer-to-peer structured decentralized finance (“DeFi”), blockchain technology can seminally enhance the efficiency of science and RTD initiatives, even permitting to fully stage operations as a chiefless decentralized autonomous organization (DAOs).
Highlights
From a bigger perspective, science, research, and technology development (RTD) pursues the overarching goal of generating beneficial knowledge that aims to contribute to the good of mankind
Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Amara
RW, KW, artificial intelligence (AI), WP, DK, and JL mainly advised on blockchain technology; TH on open science and community-based participatory research; SP on NFTs, decentralization, and scarcity; ME and SB on blockchain for research; NW on the reproducibility crisis in science; and IP on circular economy and TP on publishing
Summary
Science, research, and technology development (RTD) pursues the overarching goal of generating beneficial knowledge that aims to contribute to the good of mankind. In capturing the collaborative process between community-based organizations and academic investigators, CBPR models have demonstrated the potential to make research more responsive to existing needs, and to improve a community’s ability to address a range of common issues Weiner and McDonald (2013). Such CBPR approaches can be enhanced by token systems (“tokenization”) which, on one hand, cryptoeconomically incentivize efficient crowdsourcing of collective intelligence (Malone and Bernstein, 2015), while, on the. We provide an insight into the different facets of this distributed ledger technology (DLT) (Hodgson, 2016) to lay the ground for substantially improving legacy organization and processes in science and RTD
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