Uncertainty, sensory processing, and stress in autistic children during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract

BackgroundCOVID-19 increased uncertainty for most and was especially disruptive to autistic people and their families, due in part to tendencies toward intolerance for uncertainty across this population. As such, COVID presented a natural experiment of uncertainty and its correlates in autism. Previous reports have shown associations between intolerance of uncertainty, sensory difficulty, and stress. AimsWe investigated changes in sensory difficulties and stress associated with COVID-related increases in uncertainty. Methods and proceduresPrimary caregivers of 47 autistic children (ages 6–15) completed online surveys containing questions about demographics, experiences, and supports received during the pandemic. Additionally, caregivers filled out measures of intolerance of uncertainty and sensory processing for both pre- and during-COVID conditions. Outcomes and resultsEighty nine percent of children had significant sensory difficulties before the pandemic. This group showed significant increases in sensory difficulties and intolerance of uncertainty during the pandemic. These changes were significantly correlated with each other, suggesting that as uncertainty increased so did sensory difficulties. Disruption to routine was also significantly correlated with sensory differences and child, household, and parent stress. Conclusions and implicationsOur findings add to fundamental understanding of the relationship between uncertainty, sensory processing, and stress by leveraging a natural experiment in increased uncertainty. These results have the potential to contribute to improved supports for autistic individuals in clinical, educational, home, and other settings.