Abstract
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from electricity generation has been recognized as one of the most significant contributors to global warming. The GHG emission factor of electricity (hereafter, electricity emission factor) can be expressed as a function of three different (average, minimum, and maximum) fuel emission factors, monthly fuel consumption, and monthly net power generation. Choosing the average fuel emission factor over the minimum and maximum fuel emission factors is the cause of uncertainty in the electricity emission factor, and thus GHG emissions of the power generation. The uncertainties of GHG emissions are higher than those of the electricity emission factor, indicating that the uncertainty of GHG emission propagates in the GHG emission computation model. The bootstrapped data were generated by applying the bootstrap method to the original data set which consists of a 60-monthly average, and minimum and maximum electricity emission factors. The bootstrapped data were used for computing the mean, confidence interval (CI), and percentage uncertainty (U) of the electricity emission factor. The CI, mean, and U were [0.431, 0.443] kg CO2-eq/kWh, 0.437 kg CO2-eq/kwh, and 2.56%, respectively.
Highlights
The greenhouse gas (GHG) emission factor of electricity has been used widely to quantify GHG emissions from the generation and use of electricity [1]
We propose an approach in this paper to obtain the electricity emission factors
This study reports that the U of the electricity emission factor is 2.56%
Summary
The greenhouse gas (GHG) emission factor of electricity (hereinafter, electricity emission factor) has been used widely to quantify GHG emissions from the generation and use of electricity [1]. GHG emissions from electricity generation and use are one of the most significant sources of GHG emissions in the world [2,3,4,5,6]. According to U.S. Energy Information Administration (USEIA), in 2019 the total U.S electricity generation by the electric power industry was 4.13 trillion kilowatt-hours (kWh) from all energy sources, which resulted in the emission of 1.72 billion metric tons of CO2. Power plants that burned coal, natural gas, and petroleum fuels were the source of about 62%. USEIA considers electricity generation from biomass, hydro, solar, and wind to be carbon neutral [7]
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