Abstract
Background: Qualitative studies have reported feelings of uncertainty in patients with heart failure and their primary caregivers. Even though uncertainty has been associated with emotional distress in a variety of populations, there have not been any published quantitative studies exploring the relationship between uncertainty and emotional status in HF patients and their primary caregivers. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if there were relationships among feelings of uncertainty and symptoms of depression and anxiety in HF patients and their primary caregivers.
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