Abstract
Abstract Accredited metallography laboratories are required to estimate the uncertainty of the result of every test carried out. This presents a particular challenge in evaluating the cleanliness of a metal as usually a particle distribution – log-normal at best and represented by a tiny sample size – is truncated and split into discrete classes. Therefore, neither indirect (top-down) nor direct (bottom-up) methods succeed in estimating the uncertainty of cleanliness evaluations. For these reasons, such evaluations should be viewed through a process surveillance lens, particularly when discussing results or setting acceptance thresholds.
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