Abstract
For the understanding of the variable, transient and non-thermal universe, unbiased long-term monitoring is crucial. To constrain the emission mechanisms at the highest energies, it is important to characterize the very high energy emission and its correlation with observations at other wavelengths. At very high energies, only a limited number of instruments is available. This article reviews the current status of monitoring of the extra-galactic sky at TeV energies.
Highlights
For the understanding of the variable, transient and non-thermal universe, unbiased long-term monitoring is crucial
The different techniques are discussed in the context of monitoring.Currently, the Agile and Fermi satellites are scanning the sky in gamma rays
Imaging air Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) are pointed instruments with a typical field of views (FoVs) between 3° and 5°. This technique was pioneered by the Whipple 10-m telescope, which detected the first source at very high energies (VHE) [27]
Summary
The extra-galactic sky is dominated by variable objects such as active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and transient objects such as gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Whatever the type of source, the variety in morphology of light curves and energy spectra has impeded their complete understanding. The redshift at which these sources are detected is limited by attenuation of gamma rays at the highest energies by the extra-galactic background light (EBL). In the case of GRBs, this limitation will decrease the number of detected events. Unbiased monitoring increases the exposure and the sampling of extra-galactic sources and/or their variable activity. Alerts triggering interesting multi-wavelength and multi-messenger studies are allowed. All-sky monitoring enables population studies and discovery of new sources
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