Abstract
Source positioning using hybrid angle-of-arrival (AOA) estimation and received signal strength indicator (RSSI) is attractive because no synchronization is required among unknown nodes and anchors. Conventionally, hybrid AOA/RSSI localization combines the same number of these measurements to estimate the agents’ locations. However, since AOA estimation requires anchors to be equipped with large antenna arrays and complicated signal processing, this conventional combination makes the wireless sensor network (WSN) complicated. This paper proposes an unbalanced integration of the two measurements, called 1AOA/nRSSI, to simplify the WSN. Instead of using many anchors with large antenna arrays, the proposed method only requires one master anchor to provide one AOA estimation, while other anchors are simple single-antenna transceivers. By simply transforming the 1AOA/1RSSI information into two corresponding virtual anchors, the problem of integrating one AOA and N RSSI measurements is solved using the least square and subspace methods. The solutions are then evaluated to characterize the impact of angular and distance measurement errors. Simulation results show that the proposed network achieves the same level of precision as in a fully hybrid nAOA/nRSSI network with a slightly higher number of simple anchors.
Highlights
Global positioning system (GPS) has made our daily lives much more convenient due to the tracking function available in mobile phones, cars, watches, etc
We evaluate the impact of received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurement errors on the performance of those methods
This paper proposes an unbalanced hybrid AOA/RSSI localization method to simplify the wireless sensor network (WSN)
Summary
Global positioning system (GPS) has made our daily lives much more convenient due to the tracking function available in mobile phones, cars, watches, etc. Since both RSSI and AOA measurements are utilized, the search time can be reduced significantly In other applications such as localization and tracking of first responders, RSSI and AOA information is collected by the anchors and processed at a data fusion center. A large antenna array with multiple signal classification algorithms must be equipped to obtain AOA information [6] Such a WSN requiring AOA estimation at every anchor leads to significant hardware complexity and power consumption. The WSN in this case only needs a master anchor which is equipped with an antenna array to perform AOA estimation, while other anchors are simple single-antenna transceivers to acquire RSSIs. Simulations are conducted to show that, with a slightly higher number of simple anchors, the root mean square error of the proposed method is equivalent or superior to that obtained by a fully equipped. Note that a list of abbreviations used in this paper is given at the end of the paper
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