Una psicopatologia dell’espressione. Donato Del Piano di Federico De Roberto

The article concerns selected aspects of the modernization of Galician society as illustrated by demographic changes in Rzeszów in the 19th century. The subject of the study is the first demographic transition consisting in the reduction of the value of the birth and death rates. In the case of smaller cities, such as Rzeszów, the use of nineteenth-century statistical data raises doubts among historians. The re-analysis, taking into account the current state of research, provides the premises for the conclusion that in Rzeszów at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries the symptoms of the first demographic transition were noticeable.

Postmodernism is a Western philosophy, a late 20th-century movement characterized by broad skepticism, subjectivism, or relativism; a general suspicion of reason; and an acute sensitivity to the role of ideology in asserting and maintaining political and economic power”.Post-Modernists are independent while expressing their ideas, they never drop their statements and theory. It is more personal than identify with some other categories. The post-modernism was started in America around 16th century later it extended to Europe and other countries.Post-modern civilization fails to accept the modification between high and low class. There is a little place for modernism, originality or individual thinking. Bhagat has concentrated on the preconceptions of toppers, however there is more to life than these things your family, your friends, your internal desires and goals and the grades you get in dealing with each of these areas will define you as a person.The post-modernism has defused the difference between good and bad, moral and immoral, right and wrong. If there is a choice to select modern generation would not hesitate to go for one which is traditionally named as bad. Bhagat imbibed all these qualities in his writing. His characters go against the traditional customs and values. Bhagat represents intricate, deeply engrained socio-cultural complications of multicultural India, light-heartedly. He wishes readers to giggle at themselves, at their stupidities, their partialities, and their wrong-actions; not as a member but as a distant observer. He doesn’t bout them directly, but through fiction he attempts to understand their errors and gives a chance to rectify in the real life. Bhagat’s linking story telling method and the funny situations appeal readers.

This paper will be focused on two modernist writers: James Joyce and William Faulkner. Through a reciprocal comparison and contrast, it will illuminate elements of modernism as well as of androgyny in “Ulysses” and “The Sound and the Fury”. Joyce and Faulkner have the tendency to express the problems related to native place and culture, different suppressed historiographies within original themes and narrative styles. Fully experimental techniques may be argument as a wish to give voice to the marginalized historiography. Modernist writers claimed the death of the author. In the 20th century, the old concepts of male poet and female muse vanished to leave the place to androgynous imagination that influenced modernist writers. This was a radical change in artistic authority within a world where everything traditional was altered. The way writers have portrayed the source of their inspiration could partially serve as a reflection of their literary and culturally histories. Faulkner’s androgyny is linked to incest, hermaphrodites and pregnancy. Joyce investigates his masochistic ideas to highlight the barriers of most modernist artists from using an androgynous model in their imagination. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2012.v2n4p107

Modernist architecture movement of the buildings in any city reflects the modernity of that city. Lefkosa as a modern city faced many conflicts in the last century. The governmental buildings illustrate how modernism in architecture was defined and reflected in the buildings of the city. The aim of this paper is to explore the modernism movement in architecture influence on educational governmental buildings in Lefkosa for the first half in the 20th century. The paper focuses on the ideas and experiences of modernist architects in the first half of the 20th century to apply modernism elements and relationship between architecture form and functionalism in governmental buildings. Methodology framework elucidated to conduct the subject. Two School buildings have been selected from the first half of the twentieth century in Lefkosa as case studies for modernist architecture. ‘Lefkosa türk lisesi’ designed by ‘Ahmet Vural Bahaedden’, which was one of the famous modernist architects in Cyprus and ‘sehit Ertugrul Ilkokulu’. The buildings architectural elements analyzed in both schools to demonstrate the relationship between site, interior space, functionality and environmental response, based on using their modern material and character. The paper concluded that the educational buildings hold strong elements of the modernist architecture in Lefkosa and demonstrate how the elements of modernism were involved functionally in the design. The findings contribute useful evidence about the existence of modernism philosophy in architecture in Lefkosa in the first half of the twentieth century.

This chapter is concerned with a paradox. It has been said that the 18th and 19th centuries were a barren period for epic poetry, yet the age was closely engaged with the epic idea. Several significant poets of 19th-century England discuss the epic genre in their verse, not allusively or intertextually but directly and explicitly: Byron, Tennyson, and Elizabeth Barrett Browning all do this. Arnold discussed epic in his prose, and his Sohrab and Rustum is so saturated in Homer that the essays On the Modern Element in Literature and On Translating Homer almost seem to be continuing by other means a debate which the poem initiates. Keats in his own person, Clough in the person of Dipsychus, and Pater's fictional poet Flavian all declare a contrast between themselves and Homer. If the 19th century is not an age of great epic, it is at least a great age for observing epic's interactions.

Lu Xun criticised Mei Lanfang's Tiannu sanhua in 1934, saying that it had lost touch with the people. Tiannu sanhua is an ancient costume drama which Mei Lanfang and his collaborators enacted in the 1910s and 1920s; the first show was staged in Beijing on 1 December 1917. They designed its dances and costumes according to ancient Chinese dramas and literature, intending the ancient costume dramas to exhibit an ancient taste. But Tiannu sanhua also had certain modern elements; for example, it used coloured lights in its first performance and the ancient costumes emphasised the female body's natural curves. This paper will analyse the dramatic criticism of Tiannu sanhua in the 1910s and locate it in the history of Jingju in the 20th century.

The characteristic of the Indonesia Islamic education modernism is largely determined by the creativity which the Muslim pointed out. The flexibility of the Islamic education system enable it to easily adapt itself to the surrounding and to create the new and appropriate format of its derivation in line with the new demand of the umma for the field in the modern era. A number of experiments had been performed by the Muslim figures, individually or collectively, to fulfill that demand in the early decades of the 20th century. How did they adopt the elements of modernity to keep the Islamic education remain in its own identity? For this purpose, it is important to understand and to explain the ideas and the efforts of Syaikh Hasyim Asy’ari of Tebuireng in modernizing his pesantren and its main contribution to the development of the new madrasahs in the country. Using the analytical-critical method, this examination is in conclusion that Hasyim’s allegiance to stand on his traditional bases in modernizing his pesantren has created a something useful for directing the orientation and giving the strong foundation of the Indonesia’s Islamic education modernism. His success in harmonizing the elements of modernity with the Islamic traditions under the religious inspection as the pivotal axis is his real contribution to the new madrasah with its own identity to distinct itself with the public school, though the government has “nationalized” the first to be in equivalent to the public school.

The characteristic of the Indonesia Islamic education modernism is largerly determined by the creativity which the Muslim pointed out. The flexibility of the Islamic education system enable it to easily adapt itself to the surrounding and to create the new and appropriate format of its derivation in line with the new demand of the umma for the field in the modern era. A number of experiments had been performed by the Muslim figures, individually or collectively , to fulfill that demand in the early decades of the 20th century. How did they adopt the elements of modernity to keep the Islamic education remain in its own identity? For this purpose, it is important to understand and to explain the ideas and the efforts of Syaikh Hasyim Asy’ari of Tebuireng in modernizing his pesantren and its main contribution to the development of the new madrasahs in the country. Using the analytical-critical method, this examination is in conclusion that Hasyim’s allegiance to stand on his traditional bases in modernizing his pesantren has created a something useful for directing the orientation and giving the strong foundation of the Indonesia’s Islamic education modernism. His success in harmonizing the elements of modernity with the Islamic traditions under the religious inspection as the pivotal axis is his real contribution to the new madrasah with its own identity to distinct itself with the public school, though the government has “nationalized” the first to be in equivalent to the public school.

Trace elements in modern and archaeological human teeth: Implications for human metal exposure and enamel diagenetic changes

At the beginning of the 20th century, Romanian cities were in the process of development, undergoing a series of profound transformations. Among them was Craiova, one of the country's top three cities by population and economic development. Dubbed the 'city of 1,000 millionaires', Craiova saw considerable progress in terms of urbanistic evolutions. At the turn of the century, a series of official and private buildings were erected, which over time became emblematic of the city. Elements of modernism also appeared in the form of public utility networks, which were absolutely essential for the functioning of a European city. The foundations of a stable and diversified local economy were also laid during this period.

The chapter begins by defining and delineating the meaning, context, connotation, and changing trends of Revival and Reform. It also contextualizes the meaning/context of Tradition and Modernity on the subcontinent from the 18th through the 21st centuries. It is followed by a discussion of the use and practice of Revival and Reform, with an emphasis on ijtihad – a dynamic concept/legal tool – from Shah Waliullah to Sir Sayyid, Iqbal and Rahman in the 19th and 20th centuries, and to Siddiqi and Masud as 21st century Reformist intellectuals of the subcontinent. Thus, it is apt to conclude that Tradition and Modernity need not be looked upon as two “polar opposites.” Islam and Modernity do not clash and conflict with each other, but merge and reconcile; because neither Islam nor its law and history, are opposed to dynamism, development, advancement, and progress. ‘Tradition’, as many instances of Islamic history reveal, has accommodated many modern elements and ‘modernity’, in turn, has absorbed some of the principles that are dear to Muslims. Thus, ‘tradition’ is in the process of transformation and modernity is not opposite to accommodating tradition. Evidently, one sees Modernity in tradition and vice versa; interacting and affecting each other. This becomes evident from the above discussion on Tradition and Modernity in general, and from the views and visions of Shah Waliullah, Sir Sayyid, Iqbal, Rahman, Siddiqi, and Masud – the prominent voices of Islamic Modernist/Reformist thought on the subcontinent – from the 18th through the 21st centuries. The preceding account also reveals that the emergence of Islamic Reformist thought, and the legacy it produced, influenced the development of the Muslim community and its attitude toward the West and Western ideologies/thought. Their vision inspired Muslim intellectuals and activists across the Muslim world to emphasize educational reforms, legitimatized legal and social change, and contributed to the formation of anti-colonial independence movements. It also reveals that the Islamic Modernist/Reformist discourse, beginning in the 19th and early 20th centuries, emerged in Muslim societies in response to the twin challenges of modernity and the domination of Muslim lands and peoples by the European powers (colonialism/imperialism). To this movement much was contributed by the Muslim thinkers of the subcontinent, in past and present, for they have made a remarkable contribution to various facets of this discourse

摘要 尤金．波札（Eugene Bozza, 1905-1991）是二十世紀法國的作曲家、指揮家和教育家。他的音樂沿襲了法國音樂的繽紛色彩，來自義大利的家庭背景也為他的音樂增添華麗的歌劇性元素。波札的作品除了許多管弦樂作品、芭蕾舞劇、歌劇作品之外，也寫下了許多為管樂器所創作的室內樂、演奏曲與練習曲，對於木管樂器的演奏技法有非常深遠的影響力。 此首《雙簧管奏鳴曲》（Oboe Sonata）創作於1971年，在面對二十世紀中期以後新音樂的衝擊，仍然堅持一貫以旋律性為主的作品風格，並將傳統的語彙融合在現代的音樂語法中。 本文主旨在於透過了解作曲家的生平背景，並藉由分析此首樂曲內容與詮釋的方式中，來探討作曲家所賦予樂曲的真正意涵，在演奏時，能更貼近作曲家的原意。全文共分為五個章節：第一章為緒論，說明本論文的研究動機及研究方法；第二章簡述作曲家的生平及創作手法與特色；第三章為樂曲分析；第四章以前兩章之研究為依據，進一步作演奏詮釋；第五章將整理雙簧管分譜與鋼琴譜間的差異性，以第三章的樂曲分析作為判別的依據；第六章為結論。

Islamic modernism emerged in the 19th and early 20th centuries as a response to global challenges, aiming to blend Islamic values with modern elements like science and technology. It spread globally in response to colonialism and modernization. In Indonesia, it developed during the transition to democracy, with regional autonomy leading to the implementation of Sharia in local regulations. Some radical groups in Indonesia sought to establish a strict Islamic state, driven by motives like the desire for a caliphate. In response, a liberal Islamic movement emphasizing contextual interpretations emerged. Islam Nusantara, represented by NU, exemplifies a moderate and tolerant form of Islam. Religious moderation is seen as an alternative to balance extreme interpretations, focusing on tolerance, democracy, and the rejection of violence. This article will delve into the journey of Islamic modernism, starting from its pioneers in Egypt and extending to Indonesia, where debates and developments in religious thought have become significant stages

This article highlights the archaeological and geographical importance of the Alba Iulia-Lumea Nouă settlement and its functional development throughout history. Situated in a millenary city, the settlement displays obvious traces of the contribution of the civilizations that transformed and adapted the local geographical features according to their constant changing needs. Prehistoric and modern elements from painted pottery and the distinctive mortuary practices of various Neolithic and Eneolithic cultures, the 18th and 19th century military plans, together with Arthur Bach’s collection of photos illustrating a 20th century park, reveal the true value of this site. Drawing on these resources, we present a historical landscape analysis of the Neolithic to Modern Ages in the context of cultural change.

Almost a century had to pass before Buchner's works began to be appreciated or even known. And even though he is now unquestioningly included in the History of German and World Literature as one of the great authors of the 19th century, he cannot be completely integrated into any of the categories in which the different periods and tendencies are typically divided (as also happens with Kleist, Holderlin, Jean Paul or Heine). So Buchner tends to be classified as unclassifiable. He is now considered a canonical author, but he remains an outsider within this canon. Furthermore, not only the themes but also the formal stylistic devices he chooses can be seen as marginal in the sense of transgressive or extreme. His comedy Leonce und Lena (1836), which at first sight may seem just a light and merry play, shows, however, the same grotesque, tragic, radical and modern elements in form and content, which can be found in his other works.