Una descripción general de la psicoterapia para pacientes con cáncer de mama: revisión sistemática de ensayos controlados aleatorios

Abstract

Introduction: Psychological morbidities are common in breast cancer patients. Clinical conditions like depression, cognitive alterations, anxiety, distress, fear of cancer, sleep di-sorders, and fatigue may persist in cancer survivors. Therefore, psychological interventions are an essential treatment for breast cancer. Objective: To identify psychological interventions and psychological outcomes for women with breast cancer. Methods: Five databases were searched: EMBASE, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE (Ovid), CENTRAL(Ovid) y PsycINFO (APAPsyNET), from Jan 2014 to Jun 4th, 2018. Two authors reviewed all title articles and abstracts in databases and selected potentially eligible studies. A narrati-ve synthesis of results was used due to the heterogeneity in randomized controlled trials, population characteristics, psychotherapies applied, outcomes, and timing of assessments. Results: This overview included 14 randomized controlled trials which comprise 1914 par-ticipants (included non-metastatic and metastatic), across 21 articles. The most common psychological interventions were cognitive-behavioral based. The principal psychological outcomes assessed were depression, quality of life, fatigue, and anxiety. Conclusion: Results from this review are useful to clarify an overview of intervention in psychological morbidities in breast cancer. Comorbidities vary, contribute costs to patients, and there is insufficient empirical evidence about psychotherapies to resolve all psychologi-cal morbidities in breast cancer patients.