Um novo olhar sobre as ligações químicas

Abstract

This work addresses a subject of great importance in academic life, Interatomic Chemical Bonds (I.C.B.). However, it proposes a new work perspective that looks at chemical bonds from a different angle, shifting the current and main focus, the octet rule, to a new and broader one, which is the observance of the “p” sublevels. To achieve energetic stability, the atoms need to complete their p sublevels at their last energy levels, or their s sublevels when they have only one energy level, i.e. six (06) electrons at the p sublevel or two (02) electrons at the s sublevel of the last energy level. This new look at I.C.B. will give the student a greater vision range and mobility to understand and perform I.C.B.. By working and retaining more realistic concepts, the student will gain a solid foundation for continuing to build knowledge about chemical bonds with new concepts that will be studied and complemented in the future in any chosen professional path. This work also discusses a new look at coordinated bonds, considering its mechanism in a simple manner and, it should be emphasized, purely didactic nature. The execution paths and final representations of coordinated bonds are contributions that arise from many years of in-classroom research and thus represent a way to better explain such bonds and facilitate their identification. Nevertheless, these representations do not ignore the most modern concepts, i.e. that the coordinate bond is a normal covalent bond that happens differently and therefore requires greater detail in its structures and mechanisms. This approach aims to emphasize to the student that, although it is a normal covalent bond, the coordinate bond has some singularities. Additionally, this work presents a suggestion for the approach of I.C.B. in the classroom, using recycled materials and making the explanation concrete and playful.