Abstract
In this study; theory, design and modeling of a new topology of ultra-wideband (UWB) metamaterial (MTM) loaded microstrip array antenna using Fibonacci & fractal geometric patterns are analyzed. This antenna is made basically from many monopole elements which are loaded by complementary metamaterial transmission line (CMTL) unit cells. The distributed CMTL element, contains a Koch-shaped expanded complementary single split ring resonator (CSRR) pair. At first step, the UWB microstrip array antenna designed with two CMTL-loaded monopole element. So, using an iterative method based on the Fibonacci and fractal geometry patterns, the array antenna is expanded. As the order of iteration increases, the impedance bandwidth of the proposed array antennas improve more, and the radar cross section (RCS) decreases. the impedance bandwidth of the proposed third-order Fibonacci and fractal CMTL-loaded array antennas are 250 MHz and 539 MHz more than the two-element CMTL-loaded array antenna, respectively. Finally, this paper presents an improved method to extract the parameters of an equivalent circuit model of the proposed MTM-loaded array antenna. Verification of the equivalent model have been validated utilizing ADS software. The obtained model, in addition to numerically efficient in comparison with the full wave analysis utilizing the moment method, gives a good physical insight to the mutual coupling mechanism of the array antenna.
Highlights
Much effort has been made in recent years to improve the operation of UWB microstrip antennas in view of rapid advances in wireless communication [1], [2]
This paper presents a novel design and model of UWB MTM-loaded microstrip array antennas based on the Fibonacci & fractal geometric patterns
The left-handedness property of complementary metamaterial transmission line (CMTL) element is demonstrated by permeability and permittivity curves
Summary
Much effort has been made in recent years to improve the operation of UWB microstrip antennas in view of rapid advances in wireless communication [1], [2]. Sierpinski, Minkowski, and Koch geometries are the famous fractal shapes that are utilized as multiband and wideband antennas according to their self-similarity specification. Design of a fractal MTM tree microstrip array antenna was proposed and the effect of the geometry and number of the branches of the proposed structure at antenna specifications could be investigated [14], [17]. Fibonacci popularized the Hindu–Arabic numeral system in the Western World primarily through his composition in 1202 of “Liber Abaci” (Book of Calculation) He introduced Europe to the sequence of Fibonacci numbers, which he used as an example in “Liber Abaci” [14], [18]. The branch geometry of the proposed MTM-loaded microstrip array antenna was designed due to the Fibonacci sequence and extends from the top of the antenna to its base.
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