Abstract
Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology enables a high temporal resolution of the propagation channel. Consequently, a channel impulse response between transmitter and receiver can be interpreted as signature for their relative positions. If the position of the receiver is known, the channel impulse response indicates the position of the transmitter and vice versa. This work introduces UWB geo-regioning as a clustering and localization method based on channel impulse response fingerprinting, develops a theoretical framework for performance analysis, and evaluates this approach by means of performance results based on measured channel impulse responses. Complexity issues are discussed and performance dependencies on signal-to-noise ratio, a priori knowledge, observation window, and system bandwidth are investigated.
Highlights
Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology is characterized by relative bandwidths larger than 20% and absolute bandwidths of more than 500 MHz
The most promising UWB localization approaches exploiting the wide bandwidth are based on time of arrival estimation [1, 2], where the unknown position of a transmitter is calculated by trilateration using the estimated distances to, at least, three reference receivers with known positions
We show in this paper that communication systems with sufficiently high bandwidth can directly use the channel impulse response (CIR) as fingerprint information
Summary
Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology is characterized by relative bandwidths larger than 20% and absolute bandwidths of more than 500 MHz. The most promising UWB localization approaches exploiting the wide bandwidth are based on time of arrival estimation [1, 2], where the unknown position of a transmitter is calculated by trilateration using the estimated distances to, at least, three reference receivers with known positions. Nerguizian et al [6] use the mean excess delay, rms delay spread, maximum excess delay, total received power, number of multipath components, power of the first path, and the arrival time of the first path as fingerprint information These parameters are extracted out of wideband channel measurements with 200 MHz bandwidth. We show in this paper that communication systems with sufficiently high bandwidth can directly use the channel impulse response (CIR) as fingerprint information We refer to this location fingerprinting method as UWB geo-regioning. CN (·) denotes the multivariate proper complex Gaussian probability density function (PDF)
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