Abstract
In this article an ultra-wideband rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna is designed for millimeter wave 5G frequency band applications. Indoor 5G communications require antenna system with wide bandwidth and high efficiency to enhance the throughput in the channel. To fulfill such requirements a Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) is designed here which has achieved an ultra-wide bandwidth of 20.15% (22.32–27.56 GHz) which is 5.24 GHz of bandwidth centered at 26 GHz as resonating frequency. This covers the complete band 30 (24.3–27.5 GHz) of 5G spectrum. 26 and 28 GHz are considered as most popular frequencies in millimeter wave 5G communications. The aperture fed DRA designed here has also achieved an efficiency of 96 percentage with maximum radiation in the broadside direction (Phi = 0, Theta = 0). The measured gain of the DRA is 6.3 dB. The DRA designed here has dimensions of 0.25 λ0×0.22 λ0×0.12 λ0. under the characteristic's mode. The DRA is placed over a substrate with dimensions 0.5 λ0×0.5 λ0×0.02 λ0. A cross slot aperture has been made on the ground plane which is placed above to the substrate. Here a full ground plane is used to resonate the antenna and is of similar dimension to the substrate. A microstrip line with two concentric rings makes an annular feed structure is used to excite the DRA and is placed below the substrate. The DRA is excited here in characteristics mode TE1Y1 and is the only mode of excitation. The DRA is linearly polarized, and the characteristic mode of excitation is maintained with 50 Ohm input impedance of the antenna. The DRA also gives here a good difference between the co-pol and cross pol approximately 15 to 20 dB. This antenna is more suitable for 5G indoor applications in millimeter wave frequency band centered at 26 GHz.
Highlights
The conventional cellular systems have constrained their operation to a very narrow range of radio wave frequencies which is ranging from several hundreds of MHz to a limited GHz
To support the tremendous demands in data traffic, millimeter wave communications, can use the massive unlicensed and unused bandwidth of the conventional licensed microwave bands which has drawn the attention in the industry of fifth generation (5G) mobile communications systems [3,4]. 5G antenna systems requires wideband, high efficiency and high gain characteristics
The impedance bandwidth of a rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) is inversely proportional to its permittivity, because a wide bandwidth is achievable under the fundamental characteristics mode of the DRA using the analytical models of quality factor
Summary
Applications like Internet of Things (IOT), small cells, indoor Wi-Fi requires antenna systems which can support wireless channels with wider bandwidth, higher gain and higher efficiency. The impedance bandwidth of a rectangular DRA is inversely proportional to its permittivity, because a wide bandwidth is achievable under the fundamental characteristics mode of the DRA using the analytical models of quality factor. Different shapes of DRA as referred in this article are studied and compared here with different permittivity values at millimeter wave frequency band from 24 to 36 GHz. A wide impedance bandwidth of 10 percent and above have been observed using different feed techniques such as strip line, aperture, and substrate integrated waveguide. The results of radiation pattern, reflection coefficient, gain and efficiency are shown in this paper
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