Ultrathin tin oxide layer-wrapped gold nanoparticles induced by laser ablation in solutions and their enhanced performances

Abstract

A simple and flexible method of preparing an ultrathin semiconducting oxide layer-wrapped gold nanoparticles (NPs) is presented. The method is a single-step procedure based on laser ablation in a precursor solution. The spherical Au NPs (<20nm in mean size) wrapped with a SnO2 layer of approximately 2nm in thickness are formed after the laser ablation of a gold target in SnCl4 solutions with concentrations of 0.01–0.1M. The thickness of such SnO2 shell is nearly independent of Au particle sizes. Results reveal that the formation of Au@SnO2 NPs involves a two-step process: the laser ablation-induced formation of Au NPs and subsequent Coulomb effect-based colloidal attachment and self-assembly on the Au NPs. Au@SnO2 NPs-built film exhibits significantly stronger surface-enhanced Raman scattering effect to organic phosphor molecules (phenylphosphonic acid) and much better gas sensing performance to H2S at room temperature compared with the bare Au NPs and pure SnO2 NPs films, respectively. This work presents a simple route to fabricating noble-metal NPs wrapped with symmetrical and ultrathin semiconducting oxide shells.