Abstract
The salivary and coxal glands in unfed larvae of the fresh-water mite Limnesia maculata (Müller, 1776) (Acariformes, Limnesiidae) were studied using light and electron microscopy. Three pairs of the salivary and one pair of the coxal glands constitute the prosomal gland complex. The salivary glands pertain to simple alveolar glands consisting of the single acinus with prismatic cells arranged around the intra-alveolar lumen. Owing to their spatial distribution, the salivary glands may be termed as medial, ventral and lateral. While the ventral and lateral glands are arranged symmetrically, the medial glands are disposed one after another at the frontal wall of the synganglion (brain). The medial and the ventral glands possess mostly electron-dense secretory granules supposedly of protein nature. The lateral glands show variable organization mainly having electron-lucent vacuoles. No well pronounced rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi bodies were discernible in the salivary glands. The coxal glands are well developed and composed of (i) the main portion (the so-called labyrinth) including at least two tightly opposed loops and extending backward along the brain, and (ii) the very short anterior portion/end piece transforming anteriorly into the terminal sac/bladder. The cells of the main portion are provided with apical microvilli, whereas the basal infolding/basal labyrinth is lacking. The cells of the anterior portion do not show the apical microvilli and the basal infoldings. The terminal sac is lined by a cuticle and has an ectodermal origin. The ducts of the salivary glands come together at the dorsal aspect of the bladder, to which they open forming the common podocephalic duct anteriorly. The latter opens on each side into the subcheliceral space. The well-developed podocephalic system suggests its active role in the living processes such as feeding and ion-water balance.
Highlights
The developed prosomal gland complex is characteristic of Euarthropoda, in particular Arachnida, in which digestion is extra-intestinal (Beklemishev 1964; Cohen 1995, 1998; Alberti and Coons 1999; Farley 1999; Felgenhauer 1999; Schmidt-Rhaese 2007)
This gland complex consists of several pairs of the alveolar podocephalic salivary glands playing a role in digestion, and one pair of the tubular coxal glands functioning in salt-water balance and osmoregulation
The excretory ducts of these glands open into the podocephalic/common salivary duct taking its origin from the duct of the coxal glands
Summary
The developed prosomal gland complex is characteristic of Euarthropoda, in particular Arachnida, in which digestion is extra-intestinal (Beklemishev 1964; Cohen 1995, 1998; Alberti and Coons 1999; Farley 1999; Felgenhauer 1999; Schmidt-Rhaese 2007). This gland complex consists of several pairs of the alveolar podocephalic salivary glands playing a role in digestion, and one pair of the tubular coxal glands functioning in salt-water balance and osmoregulation. V. (2020), Ultrastructure of the prosomal gland complex in unfed larvae of the fresh-water mite Limnesia maculata (Müller, 1776) (Acariformes, Limnesiidae).
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