ULTRASTRUCTURAL PECULIARITIES OF MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF THE UTERINE TUBE UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL NORM AND SIX-WEEK ADMINISTRATION OF OPIOID

Abstract

Opioids are a common version of analgesic arsenal for the treatment of chronical pain from moderate to severe. The opioid drugs usage in medicine, in particular «nalbuphine», and also the problems connected with its usage attract constant attention of the scientists, and consequences and cases of «nalbuphine» abuse are the subject of lots of studies and publications. Understanding the effects of opioids on the female genitals is important for practical medicine, because excessive usage of narcotic drugs causes pathological changes in organs and tissues and can predict the negative effect of «nalbuphine» on the reproductive system. Both in domestic and foreign literature there are no data about quantitative and qualitative changes in cell composition and hemomicrocirculatory tract of mucous membrane of the uterine tube when using opioids and also its further ability to perform a reproductive function.
 Aim of the research: to study the peculiarities of the ultrastructural organization of the mucous membrane of the uterine tube of a female laboratory rat in normal and under prolonged exposure to «nalbuphine».
 Materials and methods. The studies were performed on 29 adult white female rats, aged 4.5–6.0 months with body weight 180–220, which were kept in standard conditions at the vivarium of the Danylo Halytskyi Lviv National Medical University. Ultrastructural peculiarities of the mucous membrane of the uterine tube of female rats were normally studied in 5 animals. The experimental animals were divided into three groups: for the first group of experimental animals «nalbuphine» was injected intramuscularly for 2 weeks; the second group of experimental animals - for 4 weeks; the third group - for 6 weeks. The control group was 9 female rats, which were injected with saline. The method of electronic microscopy is applied.
 Results. Lesions of the reproductive system damage is an integral part of clinic both opiate addiction and intoxication of pharmaceutical remedies in particular the group of opioids. The connection between duration of «nalbuphine» administration and depth of changes of ultrastructural organization of mucous membrane of the uterine tube was established in the experiment. The data obtained indicate that after two-week administration of «nalbuphine» there are already the first changes in the ultrastructural organization of the mucous membrane of the uterine tube and the manifestations of angiopathy of the hemomicrocipculatory tract were especially pronounced. The changes of ultrastructural organization of mucous membrane of the uterine tube were deepened in four weeks of the experiment. Six-week administration of «nalbuphine» caused destructive and degenerative changes in all cell populations in the mucous membrane of the uterine tube of a female laboratory rat.
 Conclusion. The connection between duration of «nalbuphine» administration and depth of changes of ultrastructural organization of the mucous membrane of the uterine tube was established in the experiment. Prolonged administration of opioids causes irreversible destructive changes in the mucous membrane of the uterine tube of the female rat, which is manifested by the phenomena of disorganization of both endothelial and epithelial cells. The damage that has occurred proves the ability of opioid in long-term use to cause irreversible changes and structure and function damages on all levels starting with ultrastructural.