Ultrastructural Comparison of Extracellular and Intracellular Encapsulation of Brugia malayi in Anopheles quadrimaculatus

Abstract

Ultrastructural aspects of extracellular humoral encapsulation of microfilariae of Brugia malayi in the hemocoel of Anopheles quadrimaculatus were compared with those of intracellular encapsulation of first-stage larvae (L1) of the same parasite species, in the thoracic muscle cells of the same species of mosquito. The results showed that extracellular humoral encapsulation of microfilarial sheaths, and sheathed and exsheathed microfilariae, in the hemocoel of mosquitoes occurs around the parasite within the first 6 hr postingestion, apparently without initial participation of hemocytes. Hemocytes and their remnants were observed near the parasite during the first 6 hr postingestion. Within the next 24 hr, hemocytes attach to the initial humoral capsule. By contrast, intracellular encapsulation of L1S is initiated by the accumulation of a dense cytoplasmic layer derived from the infected thoracic muscle cell. Melanin deposits accumulate in this layer adjacent to the parasite cuticle, again without visible participation of hemocytes.