Ultrastructural characteristics of the anterior pituitary gland of cattle in the definitive period of postnatal ontogenesis

A.N Khasaev,N.M Gadzhiev,Z.M Dzhambulatov,M.M Zubairova,F.G Astarkhanov,S Knyazev,V Kukhar,M Tsoy,O Loretts,O Panfilova

doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202125409013

Abstract

Today much attention is paid to the study of the pituitary ultrastructure of laboratory animals and humans. But there is not enough available literature to study the most important organ of internal secretion of productive animal. The aim of our work is to study the structure of the ultrastructure of cells of the anterior pituitary gland of cattle in the definitive period of postnatal ontogenesis. Histological, morphometric, and electron microscopic techniques were used to study the cellular composition of the anterior pituitary gland of cattle. It was revealed that the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland occupies 64 % of the entire pituitary parenchyma, while the posterior and middle lobes occupy 27% and 9%, respectively. After using general histological methods there are detected the functionally inactive chromophobes (41%) and chromophilic cells, which include acidophils (38%) and basophils (21%) in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The electron microscopic studies in the parenchyma of the anterior pituitary gland let find Somatotropes that differ in the presence of a large number of secretory granules in the cytoplasm. Lactotropes are less common than somatotropes and differ from them in larger secretory granules. Corticotropes, gonadotropes and thyrotropes with a minimum content of secretory granules are the least detected. All identified endocrine cells are at different stages of functional activity.

Highlights

The pituitary gland is the main gland of internal secretion
It is well known that the pituitary gland in ontogenesis develops from the epithelial and neural rudiments, forming a complex morphological structure an organ of internal secretion
Among the cells of the anterior pituitary gland chromophobes are the most common (41%). These cells are small in size, which is on average 8.84±1.12 microns, the cytoplasm does not perceive dyes well, or they surround the nucleus in the form of a transparent rim (c, 3)

Summary

Introduction

The pituitary gland is the main gland of internal secretion. It is involved in providing control of many vital processes, such as growth, development, homeostasis, reproduction and adaptation of the body to changing conditions of the external and internal environment [1-4]. It is well known that the pituitary gland in ontogenesis develops from the epithelial and neural rudiments, forming a complex morphological structure an organ of internal secretion. The main element of the adaptive-compensatory mechanism of the endocrine system of the body is the adenohypophysis [5]. The aim of this work is to study the structure of cells of the anterior pituitary gland of cattle at a definitive age

Material and methodology

Research results

Findings

Conclusion