Abstract
Embryonic ectodermal cells of rat embryos were examined by light and electron microscopy during the early stage of neurulation. Before the onset of neurulation (day 9-6 hr embryos), the cells underwent certain characteristic ultrastructural changes; that is, apical cytoplasmic protrusions and free spherules appeared, numerous vacuoles were formed in the cytoplasm, mitochondria showed ballooning, and the endoplasmic reticulum became dilated. The amniotic cells derived from the embryonic ectoderm exhibited the same ultrastructural changes, but those from the extraembryonic mesoderm did not. Embryonic mesodermal cells and neuroectodermal cells also did not show these changes. In the middle stage of neurulation (day 9-12 hr embryos), the embryonic ectodermal cells and the amniotic cells derived from the embryonic ectoderm assumed a flat squamous shape. None of the ultrastructural changes observed in day 9-6 hr embryos were noted in these cells. The functional significance of the production of apical cytoplasmic protrusions and free spherules in the embryonic ectodermal cells and amniotic cells is discussed in relation to similar phenomena reported to occur in other cell types.
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