Abstract
In this work, in vitro testing was used to study the properties of non-crosslinked type 1 bovine derived collagen membranes used in bone regeneration surgery. Collagen membranes were prepared, their surface roughness was quantified by interferometry, their morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), their wettability was measured by the contact angle technique, their mechanical properties were investigated by tensile testing, their phase transformation temperatures were measured by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and their biocompatibility was evaluated by immunological testing. The calorimetry tests showed that the membrane is formed only by type 1 collagen. The SEM observations showed that the morphology consists of layers of highly organized collagen fibers and patterns of striated fibrils typical of type 1 collagen. The small contact angle showed that the membrane is hydrophilic, with the possibility of rapid absorption of body fluids. The tensile tests showed that the membrane has enough elasticity, ductility, and mechanical strength for use in tissue regeneration. With the immunostaining technique, it was possible to confirm the membrane biocompatibility.
Highlights
transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to characterize the structures of materials, especially to visualize tissues
The use of the backscatter electron (BSE) technique provides the contrast of regions with different chemical composition and morphology (Figure 3)
The results presented in this work show that the roughness the membrane surface, together with adequate wettability, facilitates the tissue regeneration process
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Absorbable and non-absorbable natural membranes have been used in maxillofacial surgery [1]. Non-absorbable membranes require a second surgery for removal, which increases the risk of bacterial colonization and inhibition of bone regeneration. Absorbable collagen membranes are best for tissue regeneration. The absorption time can be managed in the processing stage by providing a certain degree of crosslinking that is controlled by addition of hexamethylene diisocyanate, diphenyl phosphorylazide, or glutaraldehyde, combined with UV radiation [2]
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