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Abstract
BackgroundSilver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the most widely used nanomaterial in agricultural and environmental applications. In this study, the impact of AgNPs solutions at 20 mg/L, 40 mg/L, 80 mg/L, and 160 mg/L on cell ultrastructure have been examined in pea (Pisum sativum L) using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The effect of AgNPs treatments on the α, β esterase (EST), and peroxidase (POX) enzymes expression as well as gain or loss of inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs) markers has been described. ResultsDifferent structural malformations in the cell wall and mitochondria, as well as plasmolysis and vacuolation were recorded in root cells. Damaged chloroplast and mitochondria were frequently observed in leaves and the osmiophilic plastoglobuli were more observed as AgNPs concentration increased. Starch grains increased by the treatment with 20 mg/L AgNPs. The expressions of α, β EST, and POX were slightly changed but considerable polymorphism in ISSR profiles, using 17 different primers, were scored indicating gain or loss of gene loci as a result of AgNPs treatments. This indicates considerable variations in genomic DNA and point mutations that may be induced by AgNPs as a genotoxic nanomaterial. ConclusionAgNPs may be used to induce genetic variation at low concentrations. However, considerations should be given to the uncontrolled use of nanoparticles and calls for evaluating their impact on plant growth and potential genotoxicity are justified.
Highlights
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the most widely used nanomaterial in agricultural and environmental applications
This study investigates the effects of AgNPs on the cell ultrastructure of green pea, the expression of α, β esterase, and peroxidase enzymes as well as their impact on genome integrity as measured by intersimple sequence repeats (ISSRs) products amplifications and to test the use of ISSR marker polymorphism to detect genetic variation as a result of exposure to AgNPs
Fouriertransform infrared spectra (FTIR) analysis and energydispersive spectroscopy (EDS) The possible biomolecules which interacted with nanoparticles inside the treated and untreated root and shoot cells were identified by FTIR spectra
Summary
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the most widely used nanomaterial in agricultural and environmental applications. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the most important nanomaterials and used in about. 24% of all nanotechnology applications [3] Due to their catalytic activity, AgNPs have been used in the manufacturing of insecticides and pesticides [4, 5], the degradation of toxic chemicals [6], and as a disinfectant [7]. The widespread and increasing applications of AgNPs have led to their release into the environment and may enter the food chain in several ecosystems and can be transported up to higher-level consumers causing severe lethal effects on non-tolerant species [8,9,10,11]. The AgNPs can reach leaves through the flow of water and nutrients by cellular communication and at high
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