Ultrastructural analysis of bone formation around dental implants in nondiabetic rats, severe diabetics not controlled and controlled with insulin.

Augusto César Rodrigues De Souza,Pedro Luiz Toledo De Arruda Lourenção,Simone Antunes Terra,César Tadeu Spadella,Erika Veruska Paiva Ortolan,Carlos Dos Reis Pereira De Araújo,Bruna Aliotto Nalin Tedesco

doi:10.1590/acb351101

Abstract

Purpose:To evaluate bone formation through ultrastructural analysis around titanium implants in severe alloxanic uncontrolled diabetic rats, and controlled with insulin, in comparison with nondiabetic rats.Methods:Thirty-six male Wistar rats, weighing between 200 and 300 g, divided into three experimental groups: normal control group (G1), a diabetic group without treatment (G2), and a diabetic group treated with insulin (G3). The animals received titanium implants in the right femur, and osseointegration was evaluated at 7, 14, and 21 days after surgery, through ultrastructural analysis using scanning electron microscopy.Results:The ultrastructural analysis showed a dense bone structure in the G1, few empty spaces and a small number of proteoglycans; G2 presented bone matrix with a loose aspect, irregular arrangement, thin trabeculae, empty spaces and a large number of proteoglycans; G3 obtained similar results to G1, however with a higher number of proteoglycans.Conclusion:Severe diabetes caused ultrastructural changes in bone formation, and insulin therapy allowed an improvement in osseointegration, but it was not possible to reach the results obtained in the control group.

Highlights

Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have an increased risk for the development of periodontal disease[1,2]
Thirty-six adult male allogenic Wistar rats were used, with approximately 3 months of age and weighing between 200 and 300 g, divided in three experimental groups of 12 animals each: control group (G1), constituted of healthy, nondiabetics rats; diabetic group (G2), consisting of severe diabetic rats induced by alloxan, without treatment; and insulin group (G3), consisting of severe diabetic rats induced by alloxan, treated with insulin
In a small magnification (×50) that allowed a panoramic view of the pieces, in the last analyzed moment, with 21 days of postoperative, it was observed that bone tissue in G1 could be seen in all sides of the implant and in its surface, in intimate contact with the grooves of that

Summary

Introduction

Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have an increased risk for the development of periodontal disease[1,2]. The severity of periodontal disease leads to alveolar bone loss and consequent loss of the dental element[3,4]. Considering the high prevalence of DM and the continuous teeth loss by these individuals, treatments using osseointegrated implants tend to be very useful in these patients. It is known that the success of the osseointegration implant process depends on several factors. Many studies have been carried out to evaluate the best material and the best treatment of the contact surface of the implant[5,6,7]. Few studies 8 have been conducted to assess how the clinical condition of the host affects graft osseointegration

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Conclusion