Abstract
ABSTRACT This study used B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography to characterize the abdominal structures of healthy peccaries raised in captivity. Fifteen peccaries were used for this study. The urinary vesicle appeared as an ovoid structure, located in the abdominal and pelvic transition, with a hyperechogenic, thin, smooth, and regular wall. The kidneys presented retroperitoneal topography and had similar sizes. The kidney/aorta ratio had an average value of 10.53±15cm (right) and 10.23±0.12 (left). The right adrenal gland had a length of 1.93±0.34cm and diameter of 0.56±0.16cm. The left adrenal gland had a length of 1.85±0.42cm and diameter of 0.52±0.11cm. The spleen had a diameter of 1.13±0.18cm. The hepatic vein demonstrated polyphasic flow in pulsed Doppler, with two retrograde peaks and an anterograde peak with a flow velocity of 25.7±0.83cm/s. The abdominal aorta had a diameter of 0.58±0.05cm and a flow velocity of 115.17±5.32cm/s. The morphological and hemodynamic study of the abdominal structures of the peccary, observed through B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography, aided in identifying the size, shape, position, echogenicity, and echotexture of the abdominal organs and in making inferences about the normal parameters for these structures in this species.
Highlights
Ultrasonography has been increasingly used in the routine diagnosis of pathological processes in wild species, especially as it is a noninvasive method and allows real-time characterization of abdominal and thoracic structures in these animals (Cruz and Freitas, 2001)
A number of studies have addressed the morphological aspects of abdominal structures in wild species such as giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) (Lopes et al, 2015), forest foxes (Cerdocyon thous) (Silva et al, 2014), lowland pacas (Cuniculus paca) (Oliveira et al, 2003, 2007; Feliciano et al, 2014), agouti (Dasyprocta prymnolopha) (Sousa et al, 2012, 2016, 2017), peccaries (Tayassu tajacu) (Peixoto et al, 2012), coatis (Nasua nasua) (Ribeiro et al, 2013), tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) (Alves et al, 2007), cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) (Carstens et al, 2006), and white-tufted-ear marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) (Wagner and Kirberger, 2005)
This study used B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography to characterize and evaluate the abdominal structures of peccaries raised in captivity, generating data that allow inferences to be made on parameters of morphological normality, on the basis of ultrasonographic and Doppler-velocimetric anatomical criteria, as part of a collaboration for the ecological preservation of these tayassuids
Summary
Ultrasonography has been increasingly used in the routine diagnosis of pathological processes in wild species, especially as it is a noninvasive method and allows real-time characterization of abdominal and thoracic structures in these animals (Cruz and Freitas, 2001). Some data on the ultrasonographic anatomy of the peccary have been addressed by Peixoto et al, (2012), this is the first study to acquire morphological data from hemodynamic measurements using ultrasonography in this species. This study used B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography to characterize and evaluate the abdominal structures of peccaries raised in captivity, generating data that allow inferences to be made on parameters of morphological normality, on the basis of ultrasonographic and Doppler-velocimetric anatomical criteria, as part of a collaboration for the ecological preservation of these tayassuids
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