Abstract
Ultrasound/microwave assisted extraction (UMAE) of flavonoid compounds from Eucommia ulmoides leaves was studied and the extraction conditions were optimized by the Plackett-Burman design (PBD) method combined with the Box-Behnken design (BBD). The antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the flavonoid extract were investigated. The results show that the optimal conditions were an ethanol concentration of 41%, microwave power of 178 W and an ultrasound extraction time of 26 min. Under these conditions, the yield of the flavonoid compounds was 2.454%?0.230%, which was higher than that after direct solvent extraction, ultrasound extraction and microwave extraction. The results of in vitro antioxidant assays showed that the flavonoid extract had scavenging capacity for DPPH, ABTS and hydroxyl radicals, with corresponding IC50 values of 30.76 mg/L, 21.09 mg/L, 248.4 mg/L, respectively. In addition, this extract exhibited strong antibacterial activity on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium.
Highlights
E. ulmoides Oliver is one of the oldest and precious restorative herbs traditionally used as medicine in China [1]
The effect of variables on the yield of flavonoid compounds was determined by conducting 12 experiments given by the Plackett-Burman design (PBD) model (Table 1)
We found that the ethanol concentration (X1) had a highly significant effect on the yield of flavonoid compounds, while the microwave power (X3) and ultrasound extraction time (X6) had a significant effect
Summary
E. ulmoides Oliver (called Du-zhong, Si-xian, Si-zhong, etc.) is one of the oldest and precious restorative herbs traditionally used as medicine in China [1]. The active ingredients of the leaves are similar to those of the bark, and they include iridoids (aucubin), phenylpropanoids (chlorogenic acid), polysaccharides and flavonoids (such as rutin, kaempferol and quercetin) [2]. This allows the leaves to be used as medicine instead of the bark. Flavonoid compounds have shown considerable promise in a range of applications, very few. How to cite this article: Wang X, Peng M, Wang Z, Yang Q, Peng S.Ultrasoundmicrowave assisted extraction of flavonoid compounds from Eucommia ulmoides leaves and an evaluation of their antioxidant and antibacterial activities.
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