Abstract
Ultrasound-mediated drug and gene delivery offers a variety of novel possibilities for improved localized treatment of vascular- and cancer-related diseases. This therapeutic application benefits from the use of acoustic radiation force, which facilitates the exposure for enhanced binding from ligand-receptor interactions. The unique merits of ultrasound are the transient increase of cell permeability without any detrimental and irreversible side-effects. The related underlying molecular and cellular pathways of ultrasound-induced permeability and the subsequent recovery of cells are topics of on-going research. Real-time studies of cell behavior during and past-ultrasound exposure have been limited by the lack of appropriate techniques. The electric-cell impedance sensing (ECIS) technique is a suitable way of studying cell permeability changes in real-time. Its nanoscale sensitivity and speedy acquisition of data allows for the accurate and timely monitoring of cell behavior. Our preliminary results suggest that cells recover within 24–36 h post-exposure. During this time window the cells undergo drastic changes exhibiting an increased permeability of 2.4 ± 0.6 Ω•cm2 compared to 3.8 ± 0.5 Ω•cm2 that normal untreated cells exhibit.
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