Abstract
For patients with adhesive capsulitis, hydrodilatation is typically performed using corticosteroids with ultrasound guidance via the posterior glenohumeral recess. Recently, a new intervention technique via the rotator cuff interval has been described. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of hydrodilatation with triamcinolone acetonide via the posterior glenohumeral recess and the rotator cuff interval in patients with adhesive capsulitis. This prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted in a tertiary care center with a follow-up period of 12 weeks. We enrolled 64 patients diagnosed with shoulder adhesive capsulitis. The subjects were randomly assigned to two groups that received hydrodilatation with corticosteroids either through the posterior glenohumeral recess or though the rotator cuff interval. The injection contained 4 ml of triamcinolone acetonide (40 mg) mixed with 4 ml of 2% lidocaine hydrochloride and 12 ml of normal saline. The shoulder pain and disability index, visual analog scale for pain, and range of motion were analyzed before and at 6 and 12 weeks after the treatment. Both groups experienced improvements in the visual analog scale scores, shoulder pain and disability index scores, and range of motion throughout the study period. A significant group-time interaction was observed in terms of the visual analog scale for pain during motion (p = 0.019), favoring hydrodilatation through the rotator cuff interval. Thus, hydrodilatation through the rotator cuff interval might be a better treatment option than that through the posterior glenohumeral recess for patients with adhesive capsulitis, considering its superior effect in alleviating pain during shoulder movement.
Highlights
Adhesive capsulitis (AC), i.e., painful stiff shoulders, is characterized by progressive painful limitation of the shoulder motion, resulting in disability and impaired quality of life (Neviaser, 1987; Porcellini et al, 2013)
This study aimed to compare the efficacy of hydrodilatation with triamcinolone acetonide via the posterior glenohumeral recess and the rotator cuff interval in patients with adhesive capsulitis
64 patients participated in the trial after providing informed consent and were randomized into the group undergoing hydrodilatation through the posterior glenohumeral recess (n 32) and that undergoing hydrodilatation through the rotator cuff interval (n 32)
Summary
Adhesive capsulitis (AC), i.e., painful stiff shoulders, is characterized by progressive painful limitation of the shoulder motion, resulting in disability and impaired quality of life (Neviaser, 1987; Porcellini et al, 2013). The etiology of primary AC remains unknown, the idiopathic inflammation of the synovium and capsule of the glenohumeral joint is postulated to be the leading cause (Hand et al, 2007). As AC is primarily considered an inflammatory disease (Hand et al, 2007), intra-articular corticosteroid injections have been frequently used for its treatment. The mechanism of hydrodilatation is based on the expansion of the joint cavity through the hydraulic pressure of the injectate administered in the capsule. The mechanical effect of hydrodilatation, in addition to decreased intra-articular inflammation after corticosteroid injection, was proven to improve the clinical outcomes of AC in at least three meta-analyses (Wu et al, 2017; Lin et al, 2018; Saltychev et al, 2018)
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