Ultrasound-assisted magnetic dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction based on carbon quantum dots/zeolite imidazolate framework-90/polyvinyl pyrrolidone/Fe3O4 followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection for trace analysis of paracetamol and etodolac in human plasma.

Abstract

A four-part and sustainable nanocomposite composed of carbon quantum dots modified with zeolite imidazolate framework-90, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and magnetite (CQDs/ZIF-90/PVP/Fe3O4) was fabricated and applied in ultrasound-assisted magnetic dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction (US-A-MDMSPE). US-A-MDMSPE was followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) for extraction, enrichment and simultaneous low-level monitoring of paracetamol (PCM) and etodolac (EDL) in human plasma. To increase the extraction yield and improve the sensitivity, nanohybrid arrays of metal-organic frameworks and conductive polymers were immobilized on the surface of CQDs followed by magnetization. The nano-extractor was characterized via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The recent method provided limits of detection (LODs) of 0.16 and 0.09 ng mL-1 for PCM and EDL, respectively. The calibration curve for PCM and EDL was linear in the range of 0.7-2000 ng mL-1 and 0.5-1200 ng mL-1 with a regression (r 2) value between 0.993 and 0.998, respectively. Acceptable precisions including intra-assay (≤6.9%) and inter-assay (≤8.3%) accuracies and notable accuracy (≤8.5%) were achieved to demonstrate the applicability of this method for the evaluation of the pharmacokinetic data of target drugs in human plasma.