Abstract
In the present work, the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of total flavonoids (TF) from Pteris cretica L. was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) on the basis of a single-factor experiment. The optimized UAE parameters were as follows: Ethanol concentration 56.74%, extraction time 45.94 min, extraction temperature 74.27 °C, and liquid/solid ratio 33.69 mL/g. Under the optimized conditions, the total flavonoids yield (TFY) was 4.71 ± 0.04%, which was higher than that obtained by heat reflux extraction (HRE). The extracts were further analyzed by HPLC, and five major flavonoids, including rutin, quercitrin, luteolin, apigenin, and luteolin-7-O-glucoside, were identified and quantified. Furthermore, the results of the antioxidant test showed that the TF extract obtained under optimized UAE conditions exhibited good 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•) and 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical (ABTS+•), nitric oxide radical (NO•) scavenging activities, and ferrous ion (Fe2+) chelating capacity, with IC50 values of 74.49, 82.92, 89.12, and 713.41 µg/mL, respectively. Results indicated that the UAE technique developed in this work was an efficient, rapid, and simple approach for the extraction of flavonoids with antioxidant activity from P. cretica.
Highlights
Pteris cretica L., a perennial evergreen herb, belongs to the genus Pteris (Pteridaceae)
The results demonstrated that the total flavonoids yield (TFY) obtained by ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) under optimized conditions was higher than this study, heat reflux extraction (HRE)(3.48 was± performed to confirm theprevious superiority of UAE
The UAE was proved to be a sample, rapid, and effective procedure for the extraction of total flavonoids (TF) from P. cretica, and the process parameters optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) were as follows: 4. Conclusions
Summary
Pteris cretica L., a perennial evergreen herb, belongs to the genus Pteris (Pteridaceae). Several species of the genus Pteris have been used as folk medicine to treat burn injuries, indigestion, diarrhea, furuncles, eczema, apoplexy, jaundice, snakebites, and hemorrhages in China [3,4]. Due to the outstanding medicinal potential, modern investigations on the Pteris species have been performed extensively, which reveal that these plants contain various bioactive components, including flavonoids [5,6,7], sesquiterpenoids [3,8,9], and diterpenoids [9,10,11]. Flavonoids isolated from plants of this genus, including kaempferol, quercetin, rutin, apigenin, luteolin, and luteolin 7-O-sophoroside, especially contribute to various pharmacological effects, such as antibacterial [12], antioxidant [13], and anti-benign prostatic hyperplasia [14] potentials.
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