Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Carotenoids from Carrot Pomace and Their Optimization through Response Surface Methodology.

Muhammad Umair,Saqib Jabbar,Marek Kieliszek,Mian Anjum Murtaza,Mustapha M Nasiru,Liqing Zhao,Muhammad Abid,Jianhao Zhang,Zhaoxin Lu

doi:10.3390/molecules26226763

Abstract

Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was used to extract carotenoids from the carrot pomace. To investigate the effect of independent variables on the UAE, the response surface methodology (RSM) with central-composite design (CCD) was employed. The study was conducted with three independent variables including extraction time (min), temperature (°C), and ethanol concentration (%). The results showed that the optimal conditions for UAE were achieved with an extraction time of 17 min, temperature of 32 °C, and ethanol concentration of 51% of total carotenoids (31.82 ± 0.55); extraction time of 16 min, temperature of 29 °C, and ethanol concentration of 59% for a combination of β-carotene (14.89 ± 0.40), lutein (5.77 ± 0.19), and lycopene (2.65 ± 0.12). The non-significant (p > 0.05) correlation under optimal extraction conditions between predicted and experimental values suggested that UAE is the more productive process than conventional techniques for the extraction of carotenoids from the carrot pomace.

Highlights

During the year 2010, the world total production of vegetables was approximately 1089 million tons and the carrot production was about 40 million tons
The results demonstrated that extraction time was the most significant parameter that affected the total carotenoids followed by extraction temperature and ethanol concentration
The present study indicated that the carrot pomace is a rich source of carotenoids and the use of ultrasound was a productive method for the extraction of carotenoids from the carrot pomace since it could greatly decrease the extraction time as compared to other extraction methods

Summary

Introduction

During the year 2010, the world total production of vegetables was approximately 1089 million tons and the carrot production was about 40 million tons. The carrot (Daucus carota) is well known and China is the major carrot-producing country in the world [1]. After processing vegetables in the food industry, a large quantity of waste is produced. Only in Europe, approximately 27.94 million tons of food wastes are produced every year from the food processing industry [6]. The carrot pomace is a by-product obtained after carrot juice processing. Carrot pomace contains a large amount of carotenoids, vitamins, dietary fiber, and minerals [9,10]. It is essential to extract carotenoids from carrot pomace

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Conclusion