Ultrasound‐Assisted Emulsification–Microextraction Combined with Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for the Determination of Trace Lead in Water

Abstract

AbstractThe ultrasound‐assisted emulsification–microextraction (USAEME) method was combined with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) for the determination of trace Pb using dithizone (H2DZ) as chelating reagent. Some effective parameters influenced the detection and microextraction, such as ashing temperature and atomization temperature, pH, extraction solvent, sample volume, extraction time, and extraction temperature were selected and optimized. After extraction, the calibration curves for Pb was in the concentration range of 0.1–10 ng mL−1, and the linear equation was y = 0.097 x + 0.023 (R = 0.99). Under the optimized conditions, the detection limit of the method was 20 pg mL−1 with an enrichment factor of 70 and the relative standards deviation (RSD) for seven determinations of 1 ng mL−1 Pb was 11%. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine trace Pb in Yueya Lake water, pond water, and spiked samples. Furthermore, a certified reference material of Environment Water (GBW08607) was analyzed and the determined value was in good agreement with the certified value, which showed the accuracy, recovery, and applicability of the reported method.