Ultrasound processing of rutin in food-grade solvents: Derivative compounds, antioxidant activities and optical rotation

Abstract

The effect of ultrasound was studied on the flavonoid rutin to understand its hydrolysis to aglycones, antioxidant capacity and optical rotation. The total phenolic content increased >56% at 3.6–36 kJ/cm3, indicating production of phenolic compounds. In the water media, at 27 kJ/cm3 and 47 °C, the total flavonoid content increased from control 0.26 ± 0.01 to 0.45 ± 0.02 mg catechin equivalent/mg rutin hydrate. Quercetin yield in citric acid media increased with change in energy density from 0.34 ± 0.09% at 0.1 kJ/cm3 (68 °C) to 2.23 ± 0.04% at 7.0 kJ/cm3 (86 °C). A plummeting effect was only observed in water media after 27 kJ/cm3 by FRAP (47 °C) and DPPH (86 °C) antioxidant activities, indicating that the presence of solutes (citric acid and NaCl) after 27 kJ/cm3 reduced degradation of flavonoids. Furthermore, ultrasonication increased levorotatory rutin enantiomers, that can be used to further modify physico-chemical properties of other food components.