Abstract
Objective This study was aimed at exploring ultrasound mediated microbubbles destruction (UMMD) assisted sonolysis in both the in vitro and in vivo clots. Methods Therapeutic ultrasound (TUS) and lipid microbubbles (MBs) were used in whole blood clots and divided into the control, TUS group, and TUS + MB group. Thrombolytic rates and microscopy were performed. Color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and angiography were performed to evaluate the recanalization rates and flow scores in femoral arterial thrombus (FAT) in rabbits. FAT were dyed with H&E. ResultsThe average thrombolytic ratios of TUS + MB group were significantly higher than those of TUS group and the control group (both P < 0.05). Clots had different pathological changes. Recanalization rates and flow scores in TUS + MB group were significantly higher than the control and TUS group. Flow scores and recanalization ratios were grade 0 in 0% of the control group, grade I in 25% of TUS group, and grade II or higher in 87.5% of TUS + MB group after 30 min sonolysis. ConclusionsBoth the in vitro and in vivo sonolysis can be significantly augmented by the introduction of MBs without thrombolytic agents, which might be induced by the enhanced cavitation via UMMD.
Highlights
Thrombus formation has become a leading risk factor on the embolization of cardiocerebral organs
A completely obstructed femoral arterial thrombus (FAT) model was made by occluding the right femoral artery (FA) trunk for 2 h with two artery clamps in a distance about 1 cm in New Zealand rabbits
Significant differences were demonstrated in thrombolytic rates between Therapeutic ultrasound (TUS) + MB group and the other two groups; a much higher thrombolytic rate was indicated in TUS + MB group (29.51 ± 5.17)% than TUS group (24.14 ± 3.93%, P < 0.05) and the control group (21.74 ± 2.78%, P < 0.01), Figure 2(a)
Summary
This study was aimed at exploring ultrasound mediated microbubbles destruction (UMMD) assisted sonolysis in both the in vitro and in vivo clots. The average thrombolytic ratios of TUS + MB group were significantly higher than those of TUS group and the control group (both P < 0.05). Recanalization rates and flow scores in TUS + MB group were significantly higher than the control and TUS group. Flow scores and recanalization ratios were grade 0 in 0% of the control group, grade I in 25% of TUS group, and grade II or higher in 87.5% of TUS + MB group after 30 min sonolysis. Both the in vitro and in vivo sonolysis can be significantly augmented by the introduction of MBs without thrombolytic agents, which might be induced by the enhanced cavitation via UMMD
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