Abstract
A novel heterogeneous CoFe2O4/GO/SrO nanocatalyst was synthesized using ultrasonic irradiation, and employed for synthesizing biodiesel from waste edible oil (WEO). To this end, a 2-step esterification-transesterification reaction utilizing ultrasound was applied. The surface attributes of CoFe2O4/GO/SrO was specified by XRD, FTIR, FESEM, EDX/Map, BET, DLS, CO2-TPD, and VSM analyses. CO2-TPD analysis indicated that the CoFe2O4/GO/SrO nanocatalyst has favorable catalytic activity for transesterification. CCD-based RSM approach was employed to examine the influence of parameters and ascertain optimal conditions under ultrasonic irradiation (24 KHz, 200 W, 70 % duty cycles and 60 % amplitude). Also, the utmost biodiesel yield (98.63 %) was achieved using CoFe2O4/GO/SrO under optimum conditions (i.e., time = 53.76 min, temperature = about 69 °C, CH3OH/oil proportion = 16.3:1, and nanocatalyst dosage = 5 wt%), which is the highest biodiesel performance ever attained using WEO. However, the highest biodiesel yield under optimal conditions by magnetic-stirrer at 600 rpm was 72.9 %, which is much lower than utilizing ultrasonic irradiation. Further, the stability investigation indicated that the CoFe2O4/GO/SrO nanocatalyst has a yield of over 90 % after five reuse stages, which reveals its remarkable stability. Besides, the kinetics of biodiesel production displayed that the reaction between methanol and WEO utilizing CoFe2O4/GO/SrO nanocatalyst is endothermic and the reaction rate enhances with temperature. On account of its high biodiesel yield, favorable catalytic activity, short reaction time, and remarkable stability, the CoFe2O4/GO/SrO nanocatalyst is strongly recommended for biodiesel generation from WEO in the presence of ultrasonic irradiation for industrial applications.
Published Version
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